Pepper Black - Piper nigrum

History: Black pepper is one of the oldest known spices as it has been used in India, Greece, and Rome for thousands of years. In Chinese medicine, it is used to treat malaria, cholera, dysentery, diarrhea, stomach ache. Monks in India use it to give them endurance.

Characteristics: A middle note with a medium aroma, Black Pepper Essential Oil has a sharp, spicy scent faintly reminiscent of Clove.

Clinical Studies:

Indications: Black pepper essential oil is good in warming massage formulas for aches and pains due to poor circulation. Black Pepper increases blood flow and is thought to be a spleen tonic. Use whenever there is blockage of energy or you need to work through your own blocks.

Mode of Administration: Bath (with proper fixed oil), massage, mist spray.

Safety:  Dilute well before use; for external use only. Using too much of this oil could over-stimulate the kidneys. May cause skin irritation in some individuals; a skin test is recommended prior to use. Contact with eyes should be avoided.

References:
Battaglia, S.  The Complete Guide to Aromatherapy; Third Edition The International Centre of Holistic Aromatherapy, Australia, 2017
Tisserand R. Young R.  Essential Oil Safety, second edition.  Churchhill Livingstone, UK, 2013
Sheppard-Hanger S. The Aromatherapy Practitioner Reference Manual.  Atlantic Institute of Aromatherapy, USA, 2000
Caddy R. Essential Oils in Colour.  Amberwood Publishing, UK, 2005
Lawless J. The encyclopaedia of Essential Oils.  Element Books Limited, GB, 1992
Caddy R. the Essential Blending Guide.  Amberwood Publishing, UK, 2007
Weaver W.W. Sauer’s Herbal Cures.  Routledge, UK, 2001
World Wide Web Encyclopedia Britannica. USA, 2014
Photos attribution – istock Photos
LabAroma

Safety Considerations:
        Do not take essential oils internally.
        Do not apply to eyes, sensitive areas or mucous membranes.
        Do not apply undiluted to skin (for directions on proper dilution refer to an aromatherapy text).
        The information on this website is not intended to diagnose or prescribe.
        Pregnant women, nursing mothers and children should not use essential oils without first consulting a healthcare provider.
        The statements on this website have not been evaluated by the FDA.
        You should not use this information for treating a health problem or disease or to make a self-diagnosis.
        Contact your Health Care provider immediately if you suspect that you have a medical problem.

Information and statements regarding Kelley products have not been evaluated by the FDA and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any health condition or disease. 
All information, content and product descriptions contained within this site is for reference purposes and is not intended to substitute advice given by a pharmacist, physician, or other licensed health-care professional. You should not use this information for treating a health problem or disease or to make a self-diagnosis.  
Contact your Health Care provider immediately if you suspect that you have a medical problem.